Hypothyroidism - An introduction
Some 27 million Americans are estimated to have hypothyroidism, a disorder in which the thyroid doesn’t produce enough thyroid hormone. The thyroid gland is an essential organ because the hormones it secretes regulates the body’s use of energy and metabolism. Ironically, while every cell in the human body depends on these hormones in some form and we are unable to live without them, very little is known about hypothyroidism. Many who suffer from thyroid deficiencies go undiagnosed, while those who are diagnosed usually have about a fifty-fifty chance of getting proper treatment. Because weight gain and an inability to lose weight are among the chief symptoms of hypothyroidism, this issue is especially relevant for readers here.
To help educate more people about the common disorder, I’m introducing a week-long series on hypothyroidism, covering issues ranging from signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism to explaining setpoint weight ranges and dietary concerns to the many different forms of treatment for it. I’m not going to go much into the anatomy and physiology of the thyroid or the causes of hypothyroidism, but you can read primers about both here and here. To kick off the series and to help explain my motivation for it, I’ve posted a personal story of my own recent experiences with hypothyroidism after the jump.
Since meeting my husband three years ago, my diet and eating disorder has largely stabilized. Brandon reintroduced me to foods like chocolate and pizza, but before we met, he had recently lost some 40 pounds in an Oh-My-God-I’m-Turning-30 crisis and so we both shared the goal of eating healthy. I’ve had eating disorder relapses since then, but they’re usually minor and short-lived.. A few months ago, however, some of my former eating disordered behaviors resurfaced with renewed intensity and stubborn vigor. I’ve had a 25 – 30-pound unexplained weight gain in the past three years and as the needle on the scale creeps closer to a number I consider a personal weight-loss milestone, so too returned the desperation, anxiety and weight-obsession. The very thought of the vigorous weight-loss calisthenics I put myself through during my eating disorder is exhausting and there is no way I can sustain that kind of grueling mental, physical and emotional havoc and stress again, especially without the unique life circumstances that drove my disorder. But even my half-hearted eating disordered behaviors did not appear to work as they used to. I began to skip breakfast and lunch on weekdays, eating only when my husband came home and dinner was inescapable. I slashed my 1,800-calorie-a-day average by 600 – 800 calories and began purging again several times a week. I found myself mentally counting calories with obsession, and I increased my physical activity levels. After two months of this renewed craziness, my weight remained exactly and stubbornly the same.
It was about this time I stumbled across some new findings on hypothyroidism. I was diagnosed with the disorder when I was about 20 or so by happenstance and a vigilant doctor. At the time, I was sleeping some 13 hours a day, which caused me to miss my morning college classes often and eventually led to me dropping out of college altogether. I assumed it was because I was just fat and lazy (the two were inextricably linked in my mind) and so I overlooked the fact that I also had no energy, my period was irregular to non-existent, I bruised often and easily, I had gained weight continuously for much of my life without a marked change in eating habits, I forgot minor details and was generally living beneath a dark cloud of ugly depression. My doctor suggested a thyroid test and recommended a regiment of Synthroid, a drug I have taken religiously since. I had no idea until just recently how astute and competent a doctor that man really was. I’ve since read heartbreaking accounts of so many fat women who suspect a thyroid deficiency and yet when they ask their doctor to be tested, they are told that their unexplained weight gain – a chief symptom of hypothyroidism – is all in their head and that they just need to eat less and move more. Some women have even had doctors flat out refuse to administer thyroid tests, despite the fact that thyroid disease and deficiencies strike women five to seven times more often than men.
Each year I go to my family doctor for the requisite blood test and evaluation of my thyroid medication and save for one year when my dosage was increased, my thyroid levels all test in the normal range. So, when I began to gain weight again three years ago and didn’t stop gaining despite a healthy plant-based diet and regular physical activity, I assumed it must be because I wasn’t active enough or maybe I was underestimating how healthy my diet really is. I didn’t think it at all odd that of all my attempts to lose weight, only prolonged starvation and 3 – 4 hours a day of exercise resulted in any real weight loss. I attributed my sense of feeling rundown and fatigued to a combination of the demands of being a part-time graduate student while holding a full-time career. I didn’t think it odd that I have two sweaters stashed away in my car even in the dead heat of summer. I popped Aleve for muscle and joint pains and wrote off my carpal tunnel syndrome as me just not practicing proper desktop ergonomics. I assumed my mitral valve prolapse to be caused by my abuse of ephedra and syrup of ipecac during my eating disorder days. All are classic symptoms of hypothyroidism, but because my levels all tested consistently normal, I assumed – as so many dieters do – that the problem was with me and not with my thyroid.
I didn’t know that the “normal” range for thyroid levels can vary according to the lab testing the results or that some national thyroid organizations have called for a narrowing of the range that defines thyroid health. I didn’t know that there existed alternate forms of treatment or that Synthroid’s effectiveness has been questioned and disputed. I didn’t know that the hormone T3 was every bit as important as the hormone T4 or that Synthroid only worked on T4. I didn’t know that many of the seemingly unrelated health problems I have, like carpal tunnel syndrome, mitral valve prolapse and leg/joint pains, are actually related to my thyroid. I didn’t know that your thyroid levels can fall in the normal range, and yet you can still be hypothyroid or that I should measure my health by how I feel and not by my lab results.
Now I know.
I met with an endocrinologist in July to discuss my concerns that I am being under-treated for hypothyroidism. I’ve read that even endocrinologists can be overly reliant on test results and skeptical of the links between hypothyroidism and weight gain, so I came prepared. I kept a food journal for a couple weeks before my appointment and I prepared a two-page agenda of questions and concerns to go over with the doctor. I was prepared to still be handed a prescription to Weight Watchers, but to my relief, my doctor believed me and even validated my concern that my unexplained weight gain is most likely because of my thyroid. She bumped up my medication and will reevaluate the prescribed plan of action when I go to see her this afternoon. It’s difficult to articulate just how relieved and reassured and buoyantly optimistic I felt walking out of her office. My eating disorder relapse disappeared almost immediately.
I’ve since educated myself on hypothyroidism and frankly, I’ve been shocked and angered by what I’ve discovered. More Americans are estimated to have hypothyroidism than type 2 diabetes, which is commonly associated with obesity. Yet while obesity is the talk of news and talk shows, undiagnosed and under-treated hypothyroidism is rarely mentioned as a possible key contributing factor for millions of Americans. Until recently, many fat people with both diagnosed and undiagnosed thyroid deficiencies have suffered in silence, believing their fatness to be a direct result of a lack of willpower and laziness, and not the butterfly-shaped gland situated behind their Adam’s apple. Hypothyroidism isn’t the magic bullet explaining away weight gain and even treatment of it may not result in weight loss, but thyroid deficiencies hold ramifications beyond one’s weight and can escalate into very serious medical issues if untreated or are under-treated. The journey in taking back your life and your health begins by educating and asserting yourself. Hopefully this series better prepares you to do exactly that.
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